Collaboration among industrial Internet of Things (IoT) devices and edge networks is essential to support computation-intensive deep neural network (DNN) inference services which require low delay and high accuracy. Sampling rate adaption which dynamically configures the sampling rates of industrial IoT devices according to network conditions, is the key in minimizing the service delay. In this paper, we investigate the collaborative DNN inference problem in industrial IoT networks. To capture the channel variation and task arrival randomness, we formulate the problem as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP). Specifically, sampling rate adaption, inference task offloading and edge computing resource allocation are jointly considered to minimize the average service delay while guaranteeing the long-term accuracy requirements of different inference services. Since CMDP cannot be directly solved by general reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms due to the intractable long-term constraints, we first transform the CMDP into an MDP by leveraging the Lyapunov optimization technique. Then, a deep RL-based algorithm is proposed to solve the MDP. To expedite the training process, an optimization subroutine is embedded in the proposed algorithm to directly obtain the optimal edge computing resource allocation. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed RL-based algorithm can significantly reduce the average service delay while preserving long-term inference accuracy with a high probability.

Existing 3D-aware image synthesis approaches mainly focus on generating a single canonical object and show limited capacity in composing a complex scene containing a variety of objects. This work presents DisCoScene: a 3Daware generative model for high-quality and controllable scene synthesis. The key ingredient of our method is a very abstract object-level representation (i.e., 3D bounding boxes without semantic annotation) as the scene layout prior, which is simple to obtain, general to describe various scene contents, and yet informative to disentangle objects and background. Moreover, it serves as an intuitive user control for scene editing. Based on such a prior, the proposed model spatially disentangles the whole scene into object-centric generative radiance fields by learning on only 2D images with the global-local discrimination. Our model obtains the generation fidelity and editing flexibility of individual objects while being able to efficiently compose objects and the background into a complete scene. We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on many scene datasets, including the challenging Waymo outdoor dataset. Project page: https://snap-research.github.io/discoscene/

The security of artificial intelligence (AI) is an important research area towards safe, reliable, and trustworthy AI systems. To accelerate the research on AI security, the Artificial Intelligence Security Competition (AISC) was organized by the Zhongguancun Laboratory, China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, and RealAI as part of the Zhongguancun International Frontier Technology Innovation Competition (https://www.zgc-aisc.com/en). The competition consists of three tracks, including Deepfake Security Competition, Autonomous Driving Security Competition, and Face Recognition Security Competition. This report will introduce the competition rules of these three tracks and the solutions of top-ranking teams in each track.

The problem of covariate-shift generalization has attracted intensive research attention. Previous stable learning algorithms employ sample reweighting schemes to decorrelate the covariates when there is no explicit domain information about training data. However, with finite samples, it is difficult to achieve the desirable weights that ensure perfect independence to get rid of the unstable variables. Besides, decorrelating within stable variables may bring about high variance of learned models because of the over-reduced effective sample size. A tremendous sample size is required for these algorithms to work. In this paper, with theoretical justification, we propose SVI (Sparse Variable Independence) for the covariate-shift generalization problem. We introduce sparsity constraint to compensate for the imperfectness of sample reweighting under the finite-sample setting in previous methods. Furthermore, we organically combine independence-based sample reweighting and sparsity-based variable selection in an iterative way to avoid decorrelating within stable variables, increasing the effective sample size to alleviate variance inflation. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the improvement of covariate-shift generalization performance brought by SVI.

Generative models, as an important family of statistical modeling, target learning the observed data distribution via generating new instances. Along with the rise of neural networks, deep generative models, such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial network (GANs), have made tremendous progress in 2D image synthesis. Recently, researchers switch their attentions from the 2D space to the 3D space considering that 3D data better aligns with our physical world and hence enjoys great potential in practice. However, unlike a 2D image, which owns an efficient representation (i.e., pixel grid) by nature, representing 3D data could face far more challenges. Concretely, we would expect an ideal 3D representation to be capable enough to model shapes and appearances in details, and to be highly efficient so as to model high-resolution data with fast speed and low memory cost. However, existing 3D representations, such as point clouds, meshes, and recent neural fields, usually fail to meet the above requirements simultaneously. In this survey, we make a thorough review of the development of 3D generation, including 3D shape generation and 3D-aware image synthesis, from the perspectives of both algorithms and more importantly representations. We hope that our discussion could help the community track the evolution of this field and further spark some innovative ideas to advance this challenging task.

成像检查（例如胸部X射线照相）将产生一小部分常见发现和一组少数罕见的发现。虽然训练有素的放射科医生可以通过研究一些代表性的例子来学习罕见条件的视觉呈现，但是教机器从这种“长尾”分布中学习的情况更加困难，因为标准方法很容易偏向最常见的类别。在本文中，我们介绍了胸部X射线胸腔疾病特定领域的长尾学习问题的全面基准研究。我们专注于从自然分布的胸部X射线数据中学习，不仅优化了分类精度，不仅是常见的“头”类，而且还优化了罕见但至关重要的“尾巴”类。为此，我们引入了一个具有挑战性的新长尾X射线基准，以促进开发长尾学习方法进行医学图像分类。该基准由两个用于19-和20向胸部疾病分类的胸部X射线数据集组成，其中包含多达53,000的类别，只有7个标记的训练图像。我们在这种新的基准上评估了标准和最先进的长尾学习方法，分析这些方法的哪些方面对长尾医学图像分类最有益，并总结了对未来算法设计的见解。数据集，训练有素的模型和代码可在https://github.com/vita-group/longtailcxr上找到。

多人运动预测仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题，尤其是在个人运动和社会互动的共同表示中。大多数先前的方法仅涉及学习局部姿势动态以进行单个运动（没有全球身体轨迹），并难以捕获社交互动的复杂互动依赖性。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的社会意识运动变压器（SOM形态），以共同的方式有效地模拟个人运动和社会互动。具体而言，Somoformer提取了位移轨迹空间中子序列的运动特征，以有效地学习每个人的局部和全局姿势动力学。此外，我们设计了一种新型的SOM机制中新型的社交运动注意机制，以通过跨时间和社会维度的运动相似性计算同时优化动态表示并捕获相互作用依赖性。在短期和长期视野上，我们在多人运动数据集上进行了经验评估我们的框架，并证明我们的方法极大地优于单人和多人运动预测的最先进方法。接受后将公开提供代码。

模型不合时宜的元学习（MAML）是最成功的元学习技术之一。它使用梯度下降来学习各种任务之间的共同点，从而使模型能够学习其自身参数的元定义，以使用少量标记的培训数据快速适应新任务。几次学习的关键挑战是任务不确定性。尽管可以从具有大量任务的元学习中获得强大的先验，但是由于训练数据集的数量通常太小，因此无法保证新任务的精确模型。在这项研究中，首先，在选择初始化参数的过程中，为特定于任务的学习者提出了新方法，以适应性地学习选择最小化新任务损失的初始化参数。然后，我们建议对元损失部分的两种改进的方法：方法1通过比较元损失差异来生成权重，以提高几个类别时的准确性，而方法2引入了每个任务的同质不确定性，以根据多个损失，以基于多个损失。原始的梯度下降是一种增强新型类别的概括能力的方式，同时确保了准确性的提高。与以前的基于梯度的元学习方法相比，我们的模型在回归任务和少量分类中的性能更好，并提高了模型的鲁棒性，对元测试集中的学习率和查询集。

对于普通话端到端（E2E）自动语音识别（ASR）任务，与基于角色的建模单元相比，基于发音的建模单元可以改善模型培训中的建模单元的共享，但遇到了同音词。在这项研究中，我们建议使用一种新颖的发音意识到的独特字符编码来构建基于E2E RNN-T的普通话ASR系统。所提出的编码是发音基本音节和字符索引（CI）的组合。通过引入CI，RNN-T模型可以在利用发音信息来提取建模单元的同时克服同音问题。通过提出的编码，可以通过一对一的映射将模型输出转换为最终识别结果。我们在Aishell和MagicData数据集上进行了实验，实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。

可靠的导航系统在机器人技术和自动驾驶中具有广泛的应用。当前方法采用开环过程，将传感器输入直接转换为动作。但是，这些开环方案由于概括不佳而在处理复杂而动态的现实情况方面具有挑战性。在模仿人类导航的情况下，我们添加了一个推理过程，将动作转换回内部潜在状态，形成了两阶段的感知，决策和推理的封闭环路。首先，VAE增强的演示学习赋予了模型对基本导航规则的理解。然后，在RL增强交互学习中的两个双重过程彼此产生奖励反馈，并共同增强了避免障碍能力。推理模型可以实质上促进概括和鲁棒性，并促进算法将算法的部署到现实世界的机器人，而无需精心转移。实验表明，与最先进的方法相比，我们的方法更适合新型方案。